Author Archives: Martin

‘Hamani’ by Keith

 

Flowering cherry trees

In Japan, another temperate country, this time of year is marked with altogether much more sense of occasion. The season of hanami or ‘flower viewing’ (almost always referring to cherry blossom) is a national event and is eagerly anticipated. The progress of the sakura zensen or ‘cherry blossom front’ as it moves northwards across the archipelago is tracked by the Japanese Meteorological Agency and the public follow nightly forecasts allowing them to predict its arrival in their region.

Cherry blossom timetable

The progress of the opening blossoms is plotted on this hotel lobby chart to enable visitors to find the best spots

 

 The reason for all this anticipation is the centuries-old tradition of holding outdoor parties beneath trees laden with cherry blossom. Areas in parks are cordoned off and groups of friends and families claim the best spots by laying down groundsheets. Wrapped in coats and blankets (but with shoes politely removed) food and drink is served, no matter how cold and damp it may be. Paper lanterns are strung up in some parks to enable the parties to continue into the night whilst less hardy visitors flood parks, gardens and cemeteries to photograph and be photographed with the blossom.

Flowering cherry trees in Japan

Hamani parties beneath the trees in Tokyo
People eager to be photographed with the blossom in Kyoto

The practice of hanami dates back over a thousand years and was originally used to predict the forthcoming harvest and herald the rice-planting season. People believed in spirits living in the trees, left offerings and drank sake. The Japanese proverb ‘dumplings rather than flowers’ hints that for some the food and drink may be the most important part of hanami nowadays, although it is clear to see how much delight the Japanese people get from the simple act of viewing the blossom-laden boughs. Part of this pleasure is explained by the Japanese term mono no aware which is used to describe the transience of things and a gentle sadness at their passing.

Back at home in Hampshire, whilst there are no lanterns and no al-fresco parties (to my knowledge) the roadside blackthorn and the glimpsed view of a neighbour’s cherry tree that I can see from my sitting-room window have taken on an altogether greater significance knowing that on the other side of the world a whole nation holds them in such great esteem.

Cherry blossom in a drink

Anyone for a cherry blossom martini?

 

For those looking to hold their own British-style hanami, Batsford Arboretum , Gloucestershire http://www.batsarb.co.uk/ and Keele University, Staffordshire both have excellent collections of flowering cherries. If you want to go one step further and replicate this in your own garden two of the varieties most beloved of the Japanese are Prunus subhirtella ‘Pendula’ and Prunus x yedoensis.

‘Down But Not Out’ by Tom

Leaning tree on A272 near Sheet, Hampshire

Trees are great. Fact. They provide us with oxygen, shade, habitat for wildlife, timber for building, chemicals for medicines, screening, beauty, shade…the list really does go on. They have long been a symbol of permanence within the landscape, taking decades to grow to the lofty heights that we so admire. Yet it takes only an instant to cut them down and lose it all…

 Therefore, safeguarding mature trees is an extremely important aspect of a Landscape Architects work and we’re helped by ‘BS 5837:2012 (see Bernie’s previous post!). 25-30cm girth replacements are great but they’re just not the same and feel like a meagre offering when you’ve lost a tree with a girth of several feet. The value of a large mature tree should have the potential to outweigh that of one extra house squeezed onto a development plot, since a pleasant and good quality landscape encourages us to pay a premium for property. What’s more, trees can really mean something to people and I’m always amazed by how attached we can get to a plant that we have no real link to, simply because it’s part of our daily scenery.

 This tree is found on the A272 just outside Sheet. It hasn’t been felled, it’s just resting on its branches and has been for maybe 20 years now – as long as I can remember anyway. Consideration was given to cutting it down but people objected because it was so familiar and liked as a local landmark. The plucky tree that fell over but wouldn’t give up. What could be a better symbol that we shouldn’t be quick to cut down large trees? Trees inspire. Trees endure. Trees are great.

What’s in a name? – part II, by Martin

There’s nothing says that you’re in England more-so than a place name like ‘Crackpot’ (in Swaledale, North Yorkshire to be precise). One of the many joys of being a Landscape Architect is the need for us to explore, and when we do, we’re surprised by place names more often than you’d think. 

Happy Bottom, near Wimborne Minster

Viewpoint 44 of my VIA near Wimborne Minster

My recent Visual Impact Assessment of a proposed housing development in Wimborne Minster includes viewpoint 44, located at ‘Happy Bottom’. In the course of undertaking similar fieldwork, I’ve also visited ‘Scotland’ (near Liss, in Hampshire), and ‘Quebec’ (near Harting, in West Sussex). Out on the road I’ve been amused driving through ‘Worlds End’ (near Denmead, in Hampshire), and invariably on route to visit my Mum in Shropshire there comes a point when I’m at ‘Loggerheads’. When I first started out as a Landscape Architect, I did a design for a school in Wootton Wawen (in Warwickshire). Try saying that after a couple of pints. I would mention a favourite old Terra Firma scheme at ‘Sandy Balls’ (in the New Forest) – but we would not wish to cause offence to client, inhabitants or indeed the many who visit there.

 

Place names are a constant fascination to me. Not only do they often make me smile as I go about my work, but they nearly all (even the less amusing ones) make me reflect on the origins of the place. How do places become known by then names we associate with them? It would seem that it is rarely deliberate but often a quirk relating to some long-forgotten human intervention centuries back. 

Terra Firma's Visual Impact Assessment in West Sussex

Who said Quebec was in Canada? – It’s in West Sussex!

Human intervention is the very essence of the work of a Landscape Architect. A site we’ve designed including a prominent tree may have slipped our mind in 20 years’ time. But in that space of time, the tree may have become important in the minds of local people. They may associate it with the landowner. In another 20 years’ time, the landowner may sell the land and housing may be built on it. The tree may be kept, and the way people refer to it may stick. They may still call it ‘Mr. So-and-so’s tree’ – even though Mr. So-and-so is no longer around. The name might become synonymous with the place, not just the tree. After all, it’s believed that the Saxon origin of the name ‘Coventry’ is derived from ‘Mr. Cofa’s Tree’.

 

Once upon a time, somebody made the decision to plant some Oak trees – 7 of them. Eventually, that place became known as Sevenoaks. Or on a more local scale, sometimes you’ll come across street names referring to a tree. Even though ‘Elm Grove’ may no longer have any Elm trees, at some time in history somebody would have decided to plant the trees that gave the place its name.

 

Place names are littered with examples of how our predecessors have designed Landscapes in the past. Without knowing it, we might also create history in a similar way – a way that is almost indelible. Something which makes a ‘place’ different to a ‘plot’ is when a community collectively gains a perceptive association with it – and for ease of conversation the location often becomes intrinsically referred to by name. This possibility that an echo of our day-to-day designs could resonate long into the future (long outliving the original creations themselves) is all the more intriguing because it’s a quirk of fate, out of our hands. It’s a joy to think that our designs can take on a life of their own.

‘Building blocks’ by Tom

After watching a very interesting ‘Grand Designs’ last night, I found myself quite fascinated by the people involved. Not the clients who ended up with the wonderful home of their dreams, but rather the duo of industrial designers who had never built a house before and took a ‘product design’ approach to this new venture. I think it showed that, despite not having a background in construction, a thorough knowledge of materials and processes enabled them to design something that could be built to a predictable cost, timescale and quality whilst also having the ability to problem-solve and adapt ‘on the go’.

Not for the first time I found myself wondering if a loosely defined set of practical experiences should be a mandatory part of a Landscape Architect’s training. More time spent cultivating ground, planting shrubs and trees, laying kerbs and building walls – surely this should be an invaluable part of our learning curve so that we thoroughly understand the materials and processes of our trade? Industrial designers need to know materials inside out to make sure that their products work. I reckon this applies to us too. As a firm we regularly participate in CPD (Continuing Professional Development) to update our product knowledge and I find this extremely useful. The only way it could be improved upon would be to gain first-hand experience of using the products we learn about, so that we truly get to know the full capabilities and limitations of these materials – we could then apply this knowledge to make our designs even better. If that’s going to be my goal and I’m not spending much time on site, it looks like I’m going to end up with a product testing ground where my garden should be!

On site, learning about materials and processes

What’s in a name?

I’m a fan of etymology If you’re wondering what that means, it means the meaning of words. Or more accurately, it studies the route of words. If you know where a word has come from, you might have a better understanding of what it represents. For instance the etymology of ‘Landscape Architecture’ can tell us a lot about Landscape Architects.

The word ‘Landscape’ has extremely ancient origins, from the word ‘lendh’ (from the 5,500 year-old proto Indo-European language), and the Old English word ‘sciepe’ (which also evolved from the proto Indo-European language).

The meaning of ‘Lendh’ is along the lines of ‘a division of the earth’s surface to which somebody claims ownership’. ‘Sciepe’ means ‘a condition of being’, with its root (derived from earlier Germanic words) in the sentiment of ‘creating something’.

‘Architecture’ is broken down to the Greek word ‘Arkhon’, meaning ‘chief’ (as in Arch-bishop, or arch-enemy), and the second part being the Greek word ‘Tekton’, which in simple terms means ‘carpenter’, from proto Indo-European origins meaning ‘to make’. An equivalent word in Old English means ‘to craft’.

So, if you put all that together it means that Landscape Architects are the chiefs in crafting the parcels of our planet that mankind has created ownership of. The Landscape Institute’s Royal Charter says much the same thing (but in a long-winded kind of way). 

Landscape Archtecture according to Ken Fieldhouse

This illustratration by my former mentor, the late Ken Fieldhouse shows his understanding of the breadth of Landscape Architecture

A lot of people don’t really know what a Landscape Architect does. In-fact, there are quite a few Landscape Architects who have different ideas about what Landscape Architects do. It’s easy to get lost in the detail of what day-to-day tasks we undertake. For me, it’s great to remember the fundamental principles of how we are, as defined by the words which make our name. Whilst Landscape Architecture covers a multitude of specialities executed in a multitude of different ways, we’re unified in our common purpose of turning a plot into a place. 

I’ve heard Landscape Architects described as ‘jack-of-all-trades, master-of-none’. Considering the Etymology of our name, it’d be more accurate to say ‘master-of-all-trades’, as far as the landscape is concerned at least!

My analogy-tastic landscape head

It’s no secret that I’m into historical stuff. My mind often drifts that way, as it did when I was thinking about what to write in this blog. For me, the act of being in a place that resonates the past really fires the imagination. My daily commute to work involves a walk down a 10th century drove road, with a ‘magan’ (a bank and ditch marking a Saxon parish boundary) on one side, and an ancient semi-natural woodland on the other. I find it amazing to think that the first humans to walk the route which I walk were 44 generations before my own. In theory, it could have been my Great X 41 Grandfather who originally set out the track. My walk to work is tranquil, and at the same time it fires all of the senses. It’s a start, and an end to my working day which is beyond valuable. There’s something about it which is simply magical. 

Historic Landscape at Rowlands Castle

My daily trudge to work - horrid isn't it?

As a landscape architect I am in awe of places which invoke so much sentiment. In fact, I’d go as far as to say that no design can match the intangible depth of history, and I have to admit that as a designer I can’t compete. However, landscape architecture isn’t just about design. I was recently walking in the Royal Forest of Bere – another ancient semi-natural woodland near my home. Reminded that landscape architects are custodians of the landscape, it occurred to me that that might mean creating interventions befitting of the modern era, or it might equally mean looking after interventions from a bygone time.

As a designer, I don’t just look to the future – I like to keep one eye on the past. In the future my modern-day interventions will be considered as just another stitch in the ever-growing tapestry of history. Everywhere you look there is another thread in that tapestry – and each one tells a story. Some threads are short-lived – others have weaved from a point way back in history, and will go on into the future. Looking to the example of past interventions can help us consider how effective our proposed interventions might be.

This is why it is important for landscape architects to be skilled not only in design, but also in the practices of managing the land. There are some places where design is not the priority – if it denies us an ancient landscape that has much to teach. If I were asked to design a modern-day intervention for an ancient setting, I would make sure that my design respected the pre-existing threads in the tapestry of history. Moreover, as landscape architects we sometimes have the privilege of inheriting a weave started before us, and seeing it continues into the future.

 

Happy days, Spring is almost here! By Tom

Spring has sprung,
the grass is ris’.
I wonder where the birdies is?
The bird is on the wing,
but that’s absurd.
The wing is surely on the bird!
- Anonymous

Ok, so it’s not spring just yet. It’s a fun little verse though, no matter which version you know, so why not deploy it a touch early…especially when the signs of spring are bursting out all around? Bulbs pushing through the still frosty ground…morning birdsong growing more buoyant by the day…dormant buds tentatively unfurling to test the air…all bringing with them an overwhelming sense of relief that the coldest, darkest days of the seasons are behind us once more and we can look forward to brighter mornings, longer evenings and a curious abundance of chocolate eggs in supermarkets as the coming season shoves its foot in the door and tells winter it’s being evicted.

For Landscape Architects spring can be a real mixture of challenges and pleasures: landscape and visual impact assessments become more difficult as foliage starts to obscure views; Contractors, Clients and Project Managers feel the pressure of finishing planting jobs before the end of the season, often at a time when the weather casually alternates between too cold and too wet.

But it’s wonderful to watch the landscape leaf up, a lush patchwork quilt nestling over the land, draping town and country alike in green until they resemble the landscape masterplans found on our drawing boards. It’s always exciting to see dormant planting designs come to life, gradually punctuated with vivid interruptions of colour which constantly change as the months pass.

It’s invigorating to become spurred on by the approach of summer, filled with the promise of landscapes brimming with life as everyone makes the most of the warmest months of the year. Every season has something to offer, but many would agree that spring has the most potential to be uplifting. A new beginning. A fresh start.

Let’s try to pause now and again, look around, take in the opening buds, the brave little bulbs, the cheerful birdsong, and enjoy the onset of the new season and all the promise it holds, looking forward to the rest of the year. Oh, and if you time it right, discounted chocolate eggs.

Not quite time yet, but we're ready and waiting

Is landscape a matter of fashion? – By Ramune

I have just come back from the Netherlands where I visited Van Den Berk tree nurseries to choose and tag some semi-mature trees for a project we have in Hertfordshire.  Something of a circulatory in all of this being one of the last projects I shall put on the ground for Terra Firma before returning to Lithuania (and more about that another time). When I first started here 8 years ago Lionel was keen I obtained some practical horticultural experience to compliment my architectural degree and referred me to Hilliers where I worked Part Time in their big tree nursery while also starting at Terra Firma. So I am very familiar with the large tree transplanting process and how very satisfying  it is! Continue reading

Walking the Pathway to Chartership, by Tom

For those who don’t know, the Pathway to Chartership (P2C) is the experience based process used to assess and develop the knowledge, understanding and professionalism of Licentiate members of the Landscape Institute (L.I.). This is the final hurdle of the long training required to become a fully qualified Landscape Architect. When a candidate has made sufficient progress on the Pathway under the guidance of their mentor and gained the approval of their supervisor they may be entered for the oral exam, which has replaced the written exam of previous years. I personally think of this as a very positive move, as it means that assessment is based not only on the regurgitation of facts but also on an individual’s attitude, demeanour and experience, which are all equally important to a Chartered Landscape Architect whether in private practice or the public sector. Continue reading

Terra Firma in Transylvania

I don’t think my feet have touched the ground since returning from my fieldwork in Romania two weeks ago. My work with Terra Firma has sent me there twice before, but this time I was accompanied by Ramune on her first visit to the Transylvanian Goldfields. I knew I was in for a bumpy ride (literally), but Ramune quickly learned that our fieldwork would be far more intrepid than usual.

Terra Firma at work in Romania

Ramune doing fieldwork in Corna Valley

Rosia Montana Gold Corporation (RMGC) have appointed us to extend the Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) study we previously carried out for the setting of the historic village of Rosia Montana. Our job is to demonstrate that the proposed open-cast gold mining operations can be acceptable in the landscape context, and integrate with the existing cultural heritage. Considering the nature of extracting the rock from the mountain sides, that’s not an easy task from the perspective of a Landscape Architect. However, this project is a truly fascinating one, bringing into play so many facets of related criteria, (such as sociology, demography, archaeology, biodiversity, economics, mining technology and the science of decontamination techniques) which go to make-up a genuine need for the industry. Continue reading